Immediate post-operative issues

Dr. Steinsapir uses the term “immediate” to describe post-operative issues and complications that last from moments after surgery to up to six months, whereas long-term complications are issues that persist for more than six months.  He uses the six month time frame because a number of concerns related to upper eyelid crease height, difficulty closing the eye, mild lower eyelid retraction or alterations in eyelid shape often resolve spontaneously within this time period.

Dry eye

One of the most common problems after surgery is dry eye.  Swelling and temporary lid dysfunction can exacerbate pre-op dry eye issues.  When the eyelids are swollen after surgery, they do not move the tears around very well and this can cause drying and irritation.  This type of swelling can typically affect eye comfort for ten days or more when there is normal tear production.  When the eyes are dry, eye comfort may be affected by post-operative eyelid swelling for several weeks before resolving.

If, however, the surgery damages the nerve fibers that supply the muscle that closes the eye (orbicularis oculi muscle), the blink mechanism may be permanently affected causing long-term eye surface drying and dry eye symptoms like irritation, sensation of burning, grittiness, and redness. Fortunately, many of these closure issues get better over time. You can treat these dry-eye symptoms with artificial tears and bland ophthalmic ointment.  Additionally, Dr. Steinsapir may choose to supplement this by plugging the tear drainage system, and taping the eyes closed.

Bruising

Bruising is natural and anticipated following surgery; it is a normal part of recovery.  On rare occasions, a much more significant bruise can occur. If this happens deep behind the eye, the bruise can cause blindness. This type of bleeding is called a retro-orbital hemorrhage.  While these cases are very rare, it is this very significant risk that prompts the eyelid surgeon to advise potential patients to avoid medications and herbal products that can thin the blood and predispose to bruises in the first place.

Bleeding that causes bruising after surgery can occur from straining, coughing or other activities that disrupt the clots that normally form from the surgical wounds.  For this reason, it is essential for your potential eyelid surgeon to know if you are taking a blood thinner such as aspirin, coumadin, or Plavix.  In these circumstances, Dr. Steinsapir will advise against elective or optional eyelid surgery.

Superficial bruising may not threaten vision but these bruises can affect the outcome of surgery.  Severe bruises cause swelling that can stretch a healing eyelid. In the upper eyelid, this can produce heaviness in the upper eyelid that might need to be corrected surgically if there is no resolution after 6 months.  When the resulting eyelid malposition does not satisfactorily resolve by 6 months after surgery, revisional surgery may be necessary to address the issue.

Stitches

Occasionally, stitches closing the surgical incision come apart before the skin edges are healed together.  This is called a wound dehiscence.  This most commonly occurs in the upper eyelid where an incision is made to remove excess skin. The raw edges of skin separate and the wound gapes open. This can be unsightly and it is tempting to sew the raw edges back together. This may be the right thing to do, however, there may be a low-grade infection causing the wound separation in which case the best course of action is to simply observe the area, and keep it moist with extra antibiotic ointment. The most surprising thing about wound dehiscence is how well it heals on its own. It has been Dr. Steinsapir’s experience that given time to fully heal, the body pulls the skin edges back together so well that no further intervention is needed.

Swelling

Chemosis is a specific type of tissue swelling. The white of the eye is a specialized tissue called the conjunctiva.  Just like the eyelids can swell following surgery, the conjunctiva can also swell.  It looks like jelly along the edge of the eyelid. Mild chemosis is self-limited; it will resolve on its own.  More severe chemosis is very rare and is almost never seen with standard blepharoplasty.  In this circumstance, the swollen conjunctival tissues balloon to the point where they are not covered by the closed eyelids. When this happens, the conjunctiva is subject to drying that causes more swelling―becoming a cycle.  The best treatment is aggressive lubrication with an ophthalmic ointment and when necessary, occlusion with plastic wrap to prevent drying. Surgical treatments are available for the rare instances when these measures are insufficient.

About Dr. Steinsapir

Dr. Steinsapir is a board certified eye surgeon and fellowship-trained in oculoplastic surgery and cosmetic surgery in Los Angeles where he specializes in balanced facial cosmetic surgery for natural results, with an emphasis on minimally invasive techniques, fast recovery time, and leadership in medical technology.  Dr. Steinsapir has a private practice and also serves as an Associate Clinical Professor of Ophthalmology at the Jules Stein Eye Institute, at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA.  Contact us today to learn how Dr. Steinsapir’s experience and training make him an expert in cosmetic surgery, which can be a vital part of your evidence-based treatment plan.

Services described may be “off-label” and lack FDA approval. This article is informational and does not constitute an advertisement for off-label treatment. No services should be provided without a good faith examination by a licensed physician and an informed consent with a discussion of risks, benefits, alternatives, and the likelihood of treatment success. Only you and your treating physician or surgeon can determine if a treatment is right for you.

Why won’t my eyes close?

Surgery can produce long-term damage to the function of the eyelids causing dry eye symptoms.  If your surgeon removes too much upper eyelid skin and underlying muscle, your eyes may not close completely, causing dry spots to develop on the cornea.  Depending of the design of the blepharoplasty, the nerves that supply the muscle that helps to close the eye can be damaged weakening the blink reflex.  This means that during a blink there may not be sufficient speed or force to cause the upper and lower eyelids to meet during the blink.  Since the eyelids move tears on the eye surface around, the net result is surface drying.

What are my treatment options?

The first line approach to treating these issues is to increase the frequency of artificial eye drops and, when indicated, ophthalmic ointment at bedtime.  If necessary, your tear drains in your eyelids can be closed temporarily with plugs to see if symptoms improve.  If these measures fail, there are some additional mechanical measures available.  Depending on the corneal status early surgical reconstruction may be necessary.

The extent of the solution depends on the severity of the symptoms and the degree of drying seen on the surface of the cornea.  Although a range of options are available, the key objective is to make the eyelids meet and to create sufficient force of eyelid closure to help spread the tears over the corneal surface.

Is this a long-term issue?

Common post-operative issues can be thought of in two broad categories: immediate and long term.  Immediate issues are post-operative issues and complications that present anytime from moments after surgery up to six months.  Long-term complications are issues that continue to persist beyond six months.  The six-month time frame is useful because a number of concerns related to difficulty closing the eye and mild lower eyelid retraction often resolve spontaneously in this time frame.  In contrast, it is Dr. Steinsapir’s experience that when these types of problems are present six months after surgery and continue to be a concern, then they often need to be addressed with a corrective surgery.

I chose an experienced surgeon, what happened?

No matter how technically superb the surgeon, surgery can tip a marginally compensated dry eye to discomfort.  Unpredictable individual factors may also contribute to a particular situation.  Dr. Steinsapir is acutely aware of the importance of eye comfort after surgery and what steps are needed to make the eye as comfortable as possible. Unfortunately, specialists lacking the training in Ophthalmology can underestimate the impact of these easily addressed issues.  For this reason, Dr. Steinsapir closely follows his patients after surgery.  Your post-operative follow-up schedule is based on how you are actually doing rather than on a scheduled based on how everyone one else has done in the past.

About Dr. Steinsapir

Dr. Steinsapir is a board certified eye surgeon and fellowship-trained in oculoplastic surgery and cosmetic surgery in Los Angeles where he specializes in balanced facial cosmetic surgery for natural results, with an emphasis on minimally invasive techniques, fast recovery time, and leadership in medical technology. Dr. Steinsapir has a private practice and also serves as an Associate Clinical Professor of Ophthalmology at the Jules Stein Eye Institute, at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA. Contact us today to learn how Dr. Steinsapir’s experience and training make him an expert in cosmetic surgery, which can be a vital part of your evidence-based treatment plan.

Services described may be “off-label” and lack FDA approval. This article is informational and does not constitute an advertisement for off-label treatment. No services should be provided without a good faith examination by a licensed physician and an informed consent with a discussion of risks, benefits, alternatives, and the likelihood of treatment success. Only you and your treating physician or surgeon can determine if a treatment is right for you.

The best doctors know not only how to give you great surgery results – they also know how to correct complications should they arise. Occasionally complications may arise from surgery, which require correction beyond the skill of the original surgeon, or the doctor-patient relationship may break down, and this is when you need to seek a second opinion. Fortunately, these circumstances are unusual.

What are the signs of needing immediate help?

Many people are naturally worried about how their surgery will heal when in reality things will be just fine. This is the case with most anxious patients, as we discussed in a recent post. However, everyone must admit that sometimes something can go wrong, as with any medical procedure and even in any professional field. It is important to understand that these are the times when you need your surgeon the most. Do not wait for your next appointment. Call your surgeon. If you feel you are having a true emergency, go to an emergency room or call 911. Someone can call your surgeon later to let he/she know what is going on. It is far better to be seen for something that turns out not to be serious than to miss something important. An expert physician must understand how to respond in such unusual situations, and fortunately such doctors are available. The key is handling the situation gracefully, swiftly, and effectively.

The following conditions after eyelid surgery are not normal:

1. Bleeding. Generally any bleeding should cause concern. While it does not take much blood to look like a lot, it is not normal to have any visible bleeding after surgery. It can be caused by a number of reasons, most commonly activity after surgery. If you are experiencing this, call your surgeon, discuss the situation and follow their directions.
2. An expanding bruise in the eyelids. This is generally a sign that you are bleeding inside the eyelid where surgery was performed. Again this is rare but needs prompt attention. Call your surgeon immediately. If you have any trouble reaching the surgeon, go to an emergency room especially if there is pain and changes in vision.
3. Pain that is not relived by the pain medications prescribed for use after surgery. The most common reason this might happen is deciding that you really don’t need to take the pain medicine after surgery. Then hours later, everything wears off and not surprisingly you hurt. At this point, it can literally take two hours for oral pain medicine to return you to a pain free state. While the truth is that many patients truly are comfortable after surgery without medications but not ever one. This is perhaps one of the more common reasons for patients to call after surgery. However, there are situations after surgery where pain breaks through even on the prescribed medications or days after surgery when there should not be any pain. Pain is a very important sign. It might represent a lack of pain medicine right after surgery, an expanding bruise, or days later, the earliest symptoms of an infection. Share your concerns with your surgeon and pick up the phone.
4. Loss of vision. Bleeding behind the eyes can cause permanent loss of vision. This is uncommon, estimated to occur 1 in 300,000 eyelid cases. Prompt steps can save the vision. But immediate attention in necessary. Call your surgeon immediately or 911.
5. New onset pain, swelling, and redness in the area of surgery two or more days after surgery. These can be signs of an early infection. Again, don’t wait for your next visit. Call your surgeon to discuss the situation.

Important but less urgent concerns

It’s normal to experience some bruising and swelling during the healing process, but in rare instances this can be severe to affect the outcome. Severe bruising can lead to excessive swelling, which can stretch the eyelid as it heals and alter the final results. Your doctor can help you understand what sort of bruising is expected and what is excessive.

If your eyes look droopy or heavy after surgery, you are experiencing one of the more common complications of surgery called ptosis or blepharoptosis that occurs when the upper eyelid tendon slips. This can happen if it is cut during surgery, but can sometimes happen on its own, and the effect is intensified by severe swelling. It is very common for the upper eyelids to be heavy after surgery due to swelling. This does not mean that your surgery is a failure. Most commonly this heaviness does resolve over a several week period allowing the lid to return to its proper height with no intervention. In some cases, it may take quite a while for the swelling to resolve. For this reason it is generally a good idea to simply give the eyelid time to heal. Should the heaviness fail to resolve in a 6 to 12 months time frame, corrective surgery is appropriate. Although you may only notice heaviness in one eye, reconstructive surgery on both eyes may be necessary. The eye plastic surgeon will closely evaluate you for a subtle ptosis of the other eye to determine the best method of correcting the eyelids.

Some cosmetic surgery textbooks instruct students of medicine to place the upper eyelid crease too high, and through no fault of their own some new professionals may erroneously follow this advice that they only could have known to avoid through increased experience. It is generally easy to raise a crease, but one made too high can be difficult to lower, and requires the most careful and most experienced of care to resolve through further surgery. It’s best to avoid this situation by finding a doctor who understands that the crease is commonly placed to high, but if you’re reading this now because it’s already too late and you’re unhappy with your surgery, then it’s a good idea to seek the opinion of another doctor who can discuss with you the best action to take next.

Other complications that may arise are having loose skin that does not hold makeup, or having eyelashes that droop downward. These issues can be resolved by properly tensioning the skin and adjusting how much skin is present. This procedure is called anchor blepharoplasty and can be performed under local anesthesia in the office setting. Sometimes, the eyebrows seem to fall after upper eyelid surgery. When you are told about the possibility before surgery, this is an expected effect. The result may be satisfactory or a forehead lift may be needed to reposition the eyebrows. It is post-operative surprises that can erode confidence in your surgeon. An experienced surgery anticipates these types of issues and informs you about them ahead of time. He or she can help you decide if a forehead treatment instead of or in conjunction with additional eyelid surgery is necessary.

It is far easier to correct an underdone cosmetic surgery than undo an overaggressive surgery. One does not need to be made drum tight to have a great surgical result. Think about it, when was the last time you saw a model look like they had stuck their head in a wind tunnel? By optimizing the surgical plan it is possible to have extremely natural results that give no indication that they were achieved by cosmetic surgery.

If your friends and loved ones think you look worse, or you just aren’t happy with your results, or you lack confidence in your current physician, you should seek a second opinion from someone who specializes in correcting previous surgeries. At best the doctor can assure you that things are going fine or repair your relationship with your former surgeon. If early action must be taken to correct a problem, a consultation with another doctor can help you decide what to do. You will get a better feel for what you need when you find a concerned, caring doctor who really makes sense and has demonstrated exceptional ability at resolving issues similar to yours like leading oculofacial plastic surgeon, Dr. Kenneth Steinsapir.

You need a second opinion

Dr. Steinsapir regularly consults with individuals who have experienced unsatisfactory surgery nationwide and from around the world. He can help. In some cases, he can help restore communication with the previous physician. In other cases, you may find you need to move on to an oculofacial plastic surgery skilled in correcting your problem. Dr. Steinsapir specializes in fixing eyelid surgery. Lidlift.com contains a wealth of information about correcting eyelid surgery with before and after photos to demonstrate his skills. Eyelid surgery should be a great experience. If it hasn’t been one for you, we are sorry. The good news is, there is help available from a compassionate, respected, and highly qualified surgeon. Take action today to obtain the help you need. Contact us now for more information.